Part 4: Letter to a PolicymakerThe last component, Part 4, of your Final Project is to write a letter to the policymaker that focuses on your support or opposition to thehealth care policy issue you selected for your project. Your letter should be written in a respectful, formal tone and focus on the evidence supporting your position, rather than merely expressing your personal thoughts and opinions. You should provide evidence from the peer-reviewed literature to support your position and utilize information from Components 2 and 3. Refer back to your work in Parts 1, 2 and 3 to make a compelling argument in your letter. The purpose of this formal letter is to convince the policymaker you have selected back in Part 1, of the need or urgency of support for the policy (or defeat of a current policy). Make your case! Be sure to include your chosen elected official’s actual address and use the correct salutation that is used for your elected official’s position. Label your letter as Part 4: Appendix A and add it as the fourth and final part of your cumulative course project assignment.You should provide evidence, in the formal letter to your policy maker, from the peer-reviewed literature to support your position and utilize information from Parts 1, 2 and 3 as a unified whole to make your case for support of your position.All rubrics can also be found in the Course Information area in the course navigation menu.The Assignment (2–3 pages)You will submit your Part 4 Final Project as Part 4: Appendix A and add it to your cumulative assignment document. Your instructor will grade only Part 4 for this week but all four parts must be submitted as one unified file in APA format. Notes from the professor: .1.Only Submit Part 4, DO NOT submit Parts 1-3 ( I know the instructions tell you to do this, ignore that please).2. Make sure you include a reference section at the end. 3. This is an original work product, do not copy content from your other work throughout the courseRunning head: POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
Policy Maker: Texas
Britni Davis
Institutional Affiliation
12/17/2020
MMHA-6300-2
1
POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
2
Name: Rafael Edward Cruz is also known as Ted Cruz
Title: Senator
Contact information:
Physical Address: 300 E 8th, Suite 961, Austin, TX 78701
Mailing Address: 404 Russell, Washington, DC 20510
Phone: 202-224-5922 or 512-916-5834
Email: cruz_press@cruz.senate.gov.
Twitter: @senTedCruz
Website: https://www.cruz.senate.gov/
Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/SenatorTedCruz?_rdc=1&_rdr
Why I chose Senator Ted Cruz
Ted Cruz is an effective leader that has proved his passion, inspiration, and adequacy
in various leadership aspects. He has come out before to fight any limitations within the
government. An instance is his stance on Obamacare. He was among the individuals that stood
firm to ensure that Obamacare would be repealed. Also, he has been vocal in fighting
limitations concerning issues with the economy and the U.S. Constitution. In his position as a
solicitor general, Ted is known to have authored at least 80 briefs that would be used in the
U.S. Supreme Court. Also, Ted has been instrumental in securing the border. Another vital role
that Ted has performed is to play be part of the team that confirmed Justice Neil Gorsuch as a
member of the Supreme Court. More importantly, Ted Cruz has played an unmatched role in
defending the American Bill of Rights; he has defended the First and the Second Bill of Rights.
POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
3
As such, Senator Ted is a firm welfare promoter who is ready to give his all for this cause.
Apart from his success and glamorous career, Senator Ted is a courageous conservative who
is not swayed by the people surrounding him. These are the factors and reasons why I chose
him.
The Bill that Senator Cruz Opposes
Senator Ted Cruz strongly opposes the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,
referred to as Obamacare or ACA. To prove his criticism and opposition of the act, he has
offered to sponsor legislation that is intended to repeal this law and the related amendments.
ACA is a federal statute that the 111thg Congress enacted and later signed into law by President
Obama in March 2010. The law has the following objectives: increasing the availability of
affordable health insurance, Medicaid Program expansion, and supporting the delivery of
innovative medical care (Affordable Care Act).
POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
4
References
Affordable Care Act (ACA). https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/affordable-care-act/
https://www.cruz.senate.gov/
Running head: POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
Policy Maker: Texas
Britni Davis
Institutional Affiliation
01/01/2021
1
POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
2
Part 1
Name: Rafael Edward Cruz is also known as Ted Cruz
Title: Senator
Contact information:
Physical Address: 300 E 8th, Suite 961, Austin, TX 78701
Mailing Address: 404 Russell, Washington, DC 20510
Phone: 202-224-5922 or 512-916-5834
Email: cruz_press@cruz.senate.gov.
Twitter: @senTedCruz
Website: https://www.cruz.senate.gov/
Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/SenatorTedCruz?_rdc=1&_rdr
Why I chose Senator Ted Cruz
Ted Cruz is an effective leader that has proved his passion, inspiration, and adequacy
in various leadership aspects. He has come out before to fight any limitations within the
government. An instance is his stance on Obamacare. He was among the individuals that stood
firm to ensure that Obamacare would be repealed. Also, he has been vocal in fighting
limitations concerning issues with the economy and the U.S. Constitution. In his position as a
solicitor general, Ted is known to have authored at least 80 briefs that would be used in the
U.S. Supreme Court. Also, Ted has been instrumental in securing the border. Another vital role
that Ted has performed is to play be part of the team that confirmed Justice Neil Gorsuch as a
member of the Supreme Court. More importantly, Ted Cruz has played an unmatched role in
defending the American Bill of Rights; he has defended the First and the Second Bill of Rights.
POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
3
As such, Senator Ted is a firm welfare promoter who is ready to give his all for this cause.
Apart from his success and glamorous career, Senator Ted is a courageous conservative who
is not swayed by the people surrounding him. These are the factors and reasons why I chose
him.
The Bill that Senator Cruz Opposes
Senator Ted Cruz strongly opposes the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,
referred to as Obamacare or ACA. To prove his criticism and opposition of the act, he has
offered to sponsor legislation that is intended to repeal this law and the related amendments.
ACA is a federal statute that the 111thg Congress enacted and later signed into law by President
Obama in March 2010. The law has the following objectives: increasing the availability of
affordable health insurance, Medicaid Program expansion, and supporting the delivery of
innovative medical care (Affordable Care Act).
POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
4
Reference
Affordable Care Act (ACA). https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/affordable-care-act/
https://www.cruz.senate.gov/
POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
5
PART 2
Ethical issue(s) and presented pro and con of ethical positions surrounding the health
care policy issues
Regardless of the various advantages, the Affordable Care Act conveys to the table;
some moral and lawful issues have been raised concerning a few aspects. The most convincing
is maybe the rationing and death boards. Rationing, for instance, is just the allocation of
resources that are scarce and is unavoidable. However, on a few occasions, it may endanger
patients’ lives, for instance, because of insufficient assets in ICUs. Medical practitioners are
compelled to proportion time as far as the period they designate to every patient or exchange
patients to different ranges is concerned to accommodate new people entering in the face of
rare beds (Sullivan & Dickerson, 2016).
The healthcare framework should give adequate and quality patient care, not the
situation in the above case. Shortages are identical with appeal and ensuing climb in medicinal
services administrations. The rationing system experts are; guarantee an equitable distribution
of care, guarantees scarce assets are dispensed appropriately, and empowers overseers to
arrange viably for what’s to come. The cons are that it might sentence a few patients to death
who might be essential or require additional time with doctors or the ICU. It might likewise
realize discrimination as far as how the assets are allotted. Legitimate issues that emerge
incorporate racism and the absence of a fair and reasonable act, essential in the constitution
(Rooddehghan, Yekta & Nasrabadi, 2016).
The other ethical issue identifies with the disputable individual command, which
expresses that particular Americans meet the criteria for buying protection. The benefits of this
are; advances inequity through impartial dispersion of social products help insurance agencies
against antagonistic choice, which can prompt higher premiums. It is contended that the
POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
6
incorporation of deliberate select outs or reliable young people in the protection pool will help
bring down tips, henceforth reasonable care.
Legal issue and presented pro and con legal positions surrounding the health care policy
issue
The drawback of this idea is that it powers singular subjects to apply for protection
without their consent, and furthermore, it is a system that appears to support those that are
either continually sick or poor people. Legitimate issues encompassing individual command is
whether it is established to charge the individuals who decline to buy medical coverage.
Partners are additionally debating whether a person’s personal decision to reject acquiring
medical coverage is viewed as a financial choice and if it warrants the mediation of the
Congress (Braillon, Jennings & Eng, 2017).
Recommendations to the policymaker and/or stakeholder that align with my own position
on the ethical and legal issues.
The primary suggestion is to maintain a strategic distance from any tax assessment on
people who decline to buy protection; clearly, this practice infringes on decision flexibility,
which is a fundamental right. The legislature’s concerned arms can likewise think of a positive
framework to tempt Americans to buy protection like a reward structure instead of utilizing
counterproductive measures like constrained tax collection.
The second proposal is to diminish the many-sided quality in the assessment credit
programs. The candidates ought to be given the moderate care act’s propelled premium duty
acknowledge program for exhaustive and precise clarifications on the techniques used to
ascertain the credit and general proclamation of the candidate’s pay. They ought to be given to
them, keeping in mind the end goal to maintain a strategic distance from the awkward
POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
7
assessment credit compromise. Another suggestion is that the legislature ought to build wellbeing investment accounts for small and direct wage workers. The excellent Care Act’s
necessities should adjust to the welfare investment account program and offer sponsorships for
well-being bank accounts.
POLICY MAKER-TEXAS
8
References
Braillon, A., Jennings, N. B., & Eng, H. J. (2017). The Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act established health insurance marketplaces to allow consumers to make
educated healthcare coverage decisions. During the first open enrollment period in
2013, the federally facilitated marketplace in Pima County, Arizona, listed 119 plans,
making it one of the country’s most competitive markets. This study compares these
plans based on… Health policy, 121(1), 98-101.
Rooddehghan, Z., Yekta, Z. P., & Nasrabadi, A. N. (2016). Ethics of rationing of nursing
care. Nursing Ethics, 0969733016664973.
Sullivan, S. S., & Dickerson, S. S. (2016). Facing Death: A Critical Analysis of Advance
Care Planning in the United States. Advances in Nursing Science, 39(4), 320-332.
Running Head: POLICY ISSUES
1
Policy Issues of the Affordable Care Act
Britni Davis
POLICY ISSUES
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Introduction
The Affordable Care Act is one of the most debated healthcare policies. Therefore, it
indicates the division in opinions regarding the policy issues relating to the Act. The formulation
and the debate around the ACA, in general, are built around various critical issues that have one
or more relationships with health matters. Such factors include economic, social, business, and
cultural factors. The reason why the above policy issues exist concerning ACA is the fact that it
has implications that go beyond health, as will be discussed below.
Economic issues
The ACA aims have been to lower health care costs in the US and access. However, the
ACA’s implementation’s economic effects are an attribute of the investment around it. The ACA
requires big business employers to offer their full-time employees health insurance that is ACA
approved. The consequence for an employer who fails to conform to the above requirements is a
monthly salary of $275. The economic impact of that is that it demotivates employers from hiring
full-time employees.
Further, full-time employees have a disincentive of working full time because of the new
subsidy reception’s exclusion because of their employment status. Given the above fact, the ACA
discourages people from seeking and staying in full-time jobs in the future. A reduction in people
seeking full-time employment would harm the country’s productivity (Mulligan, 2016).
However, the ACA has some economic benefits. The ACA brings about increased
entrepreneurship and job mobility within the economy. The economic outcome, holding all other
factors constant, would be the maximum utilization of resources and increased productivity. The
POLICY ISSUES
3
economic impacts of the ACA are quite contradictory. However, it would be correct to say that it
meets the healthcare cost reduction objective, which is arguably good for the economy.
Social issues
The Affordable Care Act can be considered socially positive due to the positive social
impacts it has had on health matters. Health insurance coverage is an indicator of the state of health
of an individual. The Act has contributed approximately 60% of the increased health insurance
coverage observed after its implementation.
The element of volunteering is a critical aspect of society, and it has immense benefits.
Volunteering has a direct relationship to an individual’s stability in terms of finances and health.
The ACA has brought more access to health insurance coverage to more people and increased
people’s health stability (Sohn, and Timmermans, 2017). The increased access to quality healthcare
services to people who would otherwise not afford it has positively influenced volunteering. The
policymaking process considers the goals of a policy and its consequences beyond its primary
objectives.
Business Issues
Businesses have been the most impacted secondary element by the ACA. The healthcare
costs have increased for businesses—good illustrations of the health cost increment experienced
by businesses from the Reinsurance fee and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund Fee.
The general assessment of the impact of the policy on businesses is that it has a significant increase
in costs, which reduces profitability (Amato, 2015).
POLICY ISSUES
4
Apart from the costs mentioned above, there are other costs and penalties that have further
harmed businesses. Businesses are in a dilemma between the penalty or to offer health coverage
for employees is quite a challenging one for businesses. The penalty is considerably cheaper than
provide coverage to the employees. However, choosing the penalty would put an employer at risk
of being a bad employer. The HR management, such as low employee productivity and inability
to attract top talent by choosing to pay the penalty, are bad for business. On the other end, choosing
to cover employees is more expensive and affects profit margins and sustainability.
Cultural issues
The Affordable Care Act is a health care policy. Health care is one of the sectors where
cultural competency is critical. The roll-out and implementation of the ACA lacked cultural
sensitivity. The consequences of the above insensitivity have been notable. During the policy
formulation’s initial stages, ACA received much support from cultural groups like the Latinos.
More than 60% of the Latinos were in support of the ACA policy during its formulation. After the
ACA came into practice, Latinos became the least cultural group to enroll (Caccioppoli, 2014).
As mentioned earlier, ACA is a health care policy, and people are culturally sensitive to
issues concerning their health. The marketing and rolling out of the ACA was insensitive to cultural
differences. An excellent illustration of that is that the provided enrolment platforms were mostly
through the use of URLs. The above strategy locked out many Latinos that culturally prefer and
face experience in making decisions concerning their health. Since the policymaking issues are
comprehensive, cultural considerations should are critical.
Conclusion
POLICY ISSUES
5
Policymaking is a political process. The above fact is the reason why different political
players have different opinions on affordable care. However, the most important thing to note is
that both those who consider the policy positively and those who consider it negatively impact are
right. Just like any other policy, the ACA has both positive and negative ramifications. The
question policymakers and commentators should ask is whether the positive benefits are adequate
to warrant the negative ones’ endurance. It would be agreeable that the positive impacts, such as
making healthcare affordable, are adequate to warrant the endurance of the challenges that came
with the policy.
References
POLICY ISSUES
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Amato, P. A. (2015). The Affordable Care Act: Impact on Business. Northeastern University.
Caccioppoli, L., 2014. Cultural Competency And The Rollout Of The Affordable Care Act – PA
TIMES Online. PA TIMES Online. Available at: https://patimes.org/culturalcompetency-rollout-affordable-care-act/
Mulligan, C. B. (2016). Issues 2016: Has Obamacare Been Good for the Economy?. Issue Brief,
Manhattan Institute, New York, June 27.
Sohn, H., & Timmermans, S. (2017). Social effects of health care reform: Medicaid expansion
under the Affordable Care Act and changes in volunteering. Socius, 3,
2378023117700903.
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