Using the Word file (‘Annotated Bibliography Template ENVS408’) attached to Assignment 7, create an annotated bibliography for an additional THREE references that you will use for your review paper. As for Assignment 5, you will need to complete one annotated bibliography template for each of your bibliographic sources. Fill out all sections of the template for each paper; if the source paper doesn’t have keywords, just note that on the template. Be certain to: (1) match information from the paper you are using as a source to your outline and (if needed) modify your outline if it changes as you move forward with your research; and (2) gather information that you will need to complete a table (or figure) in your final paper. Turn in ALL SIX of your completed annotations in one Word file, with the outline of your review paper attached as a separate file. I put also Professor review lecture and assignment five with comments. Thank youMashari Alkhamisi
Dr. McLain
a)Annotated Bibliography 1
Complete citation
Lambin, E. F., &Meyfroidt, P. (2011). Global land use change, economic globalization,
and the looming land scarcity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
108(9), 3465-3472.
Key words
No key words
Hypothesis
This paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges for preserving the natural
resources that present themselves amidst efforts of fostering food security.
Summary key points of the paper
Land changes are cumulatively a major driver of global environmental change
As the population increases each day, land is increasingly becoming a scarce resource.
The paper also notes that there are very large forested areas and if the same is
converted to crop lands, there will be large environmental and social costs because of
the rich biodiversity involved.
Significance
This paper basically highlights the shifts and displacement in land use that has emanated
from increased competition for land, more specifically for activities like farming. This
clearly shows how Agricultural activities contribute a bigger part in the scarcity of land
as a resource.
Important figures and/or tables
No key tables or figures.
VII. Cited reference for follow up.
Fischer G, Shah M (2010) Farmland Investments and Food Security, Statistical Annex,
Report Prepared under World-Bank-IIASA Contract, (Intl Inst Appl Syst Anal, Laxenburg,
Austria).
b)Annotated Bibliography 2
Complete citation
Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., …
&Toulmin, C. (2010). Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. science,
327(5967), 812-818.
Key words
No key words
Hypothesis
This paper tries to analyze and come up with recommendations of how to use the
available resources innovatively to increase food production in order to feed the ever
increasing population sustainably..
Summary key points of the paper.
It is notable that food production has increased in double fold from the 20th century but
there are still people with nutrient deficiencies due to lack of food.
The paper states that the world will need an average increase of about 80% to feed the
population.
The paper tries to highlight unsustainable channels of addressing the yield and food gap
like increasing crop and farmlands through deforestation. While increasing the crop land
would give a short term fix, the long time effects are quite devastating. IOnstead of
resorting to such avenues, the paper tries to look at sustainable ways of feeding the
masses.
Important figures and/or tables
Figure 2(Page 814) .Shows time series aerial maps of reforestation of an area in Niger.
This narrates a successful Agriculture production that ultimately helped in conservation
of soil, rehabilitation of land for farming and increased tree cover.
Significance
The paper basically introduces the major topical issue of increase in population. It
stresses that population has increased and thereby increasing the demand for food. This
has made the food producers compete more for resources which include land and
water.
Cited reference for follow up.
J. von Braun, The World Food Situation: New Driving Forces and Required Actions
(International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, 2007
c)Annotated Bibliography 3
Complete citation
Berka, C., Schreier, H., &Hall, K. (2001). Linking water quality with agricultural
intensification in a rural watershed. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 127(1-4), 389-401.
Key words
Agricultural intensification, agricultural pollution, animal waste, land-water interactions,
nitrogen surplus, water pollution
Hypothesis
This paper aims at showing the relationship between surplus application of nitrogen
based fertilizers, the conditions of the soil and water quality in order to predict water
quality conditions
Summary key points of the paper
While the area of agricultural land remained constant the number of farms increased by
26% over the same time period from 224 farms in 1954, to 283 in 1994. This increase in
the number of farms on a fixed land base clearly reflects intensification
Calculations from the total farmed and cropped area showed that there was a
significant increase in the amount of nitrogen used at the farms with an average of
around 150 kg per hectare per year.
Using the water quality indicators, the results from the study showed that dissolved
oxygen was negatively correlated with nitrogen application during wet season while
ammonium levels were positively correlated with nitrogen application.
The overall conclusion of the paper is that agricultural intensification has some
considerable negative effects on the quality of water in a certain area.
Significance
This paper talks about agricultural intensification which includes use of manure and
fertilizers and how the same would lead to water pollution which in proxy means it
affects the natural resources.
Important figures and/or tables
Figure 3(Page 396) : Shows the distribution of surplus nitrogen in the watershed
Figure 7(Page 398) . Shows the historic changes in the nitrate concentration in stream
water
Figure 8(Page 399). Shows the wet and dry relationship between surplus nitrogen, site
conditions and water quality
Cited reference for follow up.
Braden, J. B., &Lovejoy, S. B. (1989). Agriculture and water quality: International
perspectives. L. Rienner.
Criteria
Level 1
Criterion
Score
Content – 1
21 points
/21
Annotated bibliographies of three reference papers have been submitted. Each annotation contains: A full citation of the reference (1 point
each = 3 points); Keywords if possible (1 point each = 3 points); A statement of the hypothesis and/or objectives of the paper (2 points
each = 6 points); A listing of “key points” of the paper that will be valuable in construction of your final paper (3 points each = 9 points).
Content – 2
15 points
/ 15
Each annotation identifies how the paper will fit into the final outline (2 points each = 6 points); Each annotation also identifies tables or
figures that may be valuable to the final work (1 point each = 3 points); Each annotation ends with a listing of reference papers that may be
valuable for follow-up information (2 points each = 6 points)
Content – 3
4 points
14
The review paper outline has also been submitted, either in original form OR containing updates made as a result of the literature search (4
points)
Content – 4
points
/5
Assignment 5 has also been re-submitted (5 points)
5 points
/5
Spelling,
Grammar,
Punctuation
No spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors exist in the submitted assignment (5 points)
Total
/ 50
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