Please create 60 slides on Confined spaces using 29 CFR 1910 OSHA. Here is the link https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standar…It is 1910.146 (Permit- required confined spaces). Use the standards to create the content. The main points I want you to discuss are found in the link above. 1910.164(a) Scope and application 1910.164(b) Definitions ( Don’t include all of them. 5-7 are enough) 1910.164(c) General requirements …. until 1910.164(L) Employee participation The appendixes are important too I have attached an example to help you understand what I mean.ELECTRICAL:
General Industry
Subpart S
CFR 1910.301-.399
Objectives
After completion of this training, the student will be able to:
Describe requirements in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S that protect workers
from common electrical hazards.
Define Basic Electrical Terms and Discuss the Fundamentals of Electricity
Describe the Hazards of Exposure to Live Electrical Components
Identify the Most Common Electrical General Industry Violations
Explain the Role of the Safety Manager in Electrical Safety
Utilize Subpart S of 29 CFR 1910 to:
Determine the applicability of Subpart S
Conduct Electrical Hazard Assessments
2
OBJECTIVES- Continued
Upon the successful completion of this
module, participants will be able to:
• Recognize general electrical hazards
and requirements and common
violations of 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S or
applicable consensus standards
• Recommend feasible abatement
methods for hazards and violations
What is Electricity, how does it
work? Let’s Ask Bill Nye
4
Common Electrical Hazards
Electrical
shock
Electrocution
Fires
Explosions
DID YOU KNOW?
Approximately 350 electrical related
– year.
fatalities occur each
– OSHA.GOV
5
Dangers of
Electricity
6
How
Current
Affects
the
Body
According to the Navy Ships Technical
Manual 300 (Electric Plant- General)
1mA – Shock is Felt
10mA – Person may not be able to let go
100mA- shock may be fatal if it lasts for
one second or more. This determines the
30-volt threshold above which PPE for
energized work is required.
Can someone tell me what the OSHA
General Industry Voltage Threshold is for
energized work?
7
How much electricity do you
need to get hurt?
Estimated Effects of AC Currents
(U.S. Standard 60 Hz)
1 milliamp
(mA)
16 mA
20 – 30 mA
100 mA
2 Amps
15/20/30
Amps
Barely perceptible
Maximum current an average
man can grasp and “let go”
Paralysis of respiratory
muscles
Ventricular fibrillation
threshold
Cardiac standstill and internal
organ damage
Common U.S. household
breakers
PATH:
Harm is
related to
the path by
which
current
passes
through
the body.
Source: IUOE National
Training Fund Focus
Four
What primarily causes
electrocution?
Contact with overhead power lines
Contact with live circuits in panels
Poorly maintained cords and tools
Lightning strikes
Case Study- Arc Flash Fatality
10
What
electrical
safe work
practices
could have
prevented
this fatality?
As we go through this
module, reflect on the prior
video and think about all
the ways that the worker’s
life could have been
protected had they
followed safe work
practices.
11
Frequently Used Electrical
Standards
12
1910 Subpart S Sections
13
301 Introduction
302 Electric utilization systems
303 General
304 Writing design and protection
305 Wiring methods,
308 Special Systems
331 Scope
332 Training
333 Selection and use of work
306 Specific purpose equipment
protection
components, equipment for
general use
and installations
307 Hazardous(classified)
Locations
practices
334 Use of equipment
335 Safeguards for personnel
399 Definitions
1910.301(a)-(e) Introduction
Subpart S – electrical safety requirements for
general
Covers: industry
• Design safety standards
for electrical systems
• Safety related work
practices
• Safety related
maintenance
requirements
• Safety requirements for
special equipment
DID YOU
KNOW?
– www.nfpa.org
14
Definitions
Using 1910.399 Find the following definitions
• Conductor• Bare• Covered • Insulated• Energized• Enclosure• Ground• Grounded• Grounding• Insulated• Circuit Breaker• Receptacle• Branch Circuit-
1910.399
15
16
1910.301(a)-(c) Electrical Utilization17
Systems
Sections 302-308 apply to electrical equipment and
installations used within or on buildings, structures, and
other premises, including but not limited to:
APPLIES TO
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Yards
Carnivals
Parking and other lots
Mobile homes
Recreational vehicles
Industrial substations
Conductors that connect the
installations to a supply of
DOES NOT APPLY TO
Ships, watercraft, railway rolling
stock, aircraft
Underground mines
Installations of railways used for
operation of rolling stock or
signaling
Communication utility controlled
installations
Electric utility controlled installations
1910.303(a)-(f) General
Requirements
Examination, Installation, and Use of Equipment
18
All electrical conductors and equipment must be
approved by NRTL and listed and labeled by manufacturer
& comply to NEMA Codes
The employer must ensure all electrical equipment is
free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause
death or serious harm which is determined by, but
not limited to:
• Circuit impedance and other
•
•
•
•
Examination
Installation and usecharacteristics
Insulation integrity• Deteriorating agents
Interrupting rating• Mechanical execution of work
• Mounting and cooling of
1910.303(g)-(h) General
Requirements
Guarding
19
Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more
must be guarded against accidental contact by:
• Allowing access by only qualified persons if contained in a
cabinet, room, vault, or enclosure
• Use permanent, substantial partitions or screens to exclude
unqualified persons
• Elevate on suitable balcony, gallery or platform to exclude
unqualified persons
• Elevate 8ft or more above floor
• Entrance to rooms and other guarded locations should be
marked with signs forbidding unqualified persons to enter
1910.303(g)-(h) General
Requirements
Guarding Examples
20
1910.304(a)-(g) Wiring Design &
Protection
Reducing electrical hazards and protecting
21
employees by using proper wiring design,
grounding, and overcurrent protection such as:
• Use and identification of
grounded and grounding
conductors
• How to protect branch circuits by
using GFCI or a ground
• Outside conductors and lamps
clearances and locations
• Disconnecting means
• Overcurrent protection –
fuses/breakers
DID YOU
KNOW?
1910.304(e)(2)(ii)
1910.304(a) Wiring Design &
Protection
Use and
identification of
grounded and
grounding
conductors (neutral
wire in a circuit)
22
1910.304(f)(1)(iii) Wiring Design &
Protection
Identification of
Disconnecting
Means and Circuits
23
1910.304(a)-(g) Wiring Design &
Protection
Typical receptacle
and polarized cord
Image courtesy of knoji.com.
24
Have you heard of reverse
polarity?
Hot wire and neutral wire are reversed
Even though a switch is off, the circuit could be hot
Tool could be hot with the switch off
1910.304(a)(2) Wiring Design &
Protection
26
1910.304(b) Wiring Design &
27
Protection
Electrons find the path of least resistance, without a grounding
conductor (photo 1) they use the worker to get to ground. This
can cause anything from a slight discomfort to death
(electrocution). With a grounding conductor (photo 2) the
Photo 2
Photo 1
electrons
have a safe place to go.
1910.304(b) Wiring Design &
Protection
When the amount going differs from the amount
returning by approximately 5 milliamps, the GFCI
interrupts the current.
28
What are the issues with
electrical cords?
Damaged Insulation
Damaged plug
(ground prong removed)
Wrong type of cord used
Do not:
Place cords where they are exposed to
damage
Hide cords
Use as permanent wiring
Run through walls, under rugs
Attach to building surfaces
1910.305(a)-(j) Wiring Methods, Components,
30
and equipment for General Use
Basic electrical wiring methods and their components such
as (but not limited to):
• Temporary wiring
• The use of boxes, cabinets,
and fittings
• The use of switches
• The use of switchboards and
panelboards
• Weatherproofing requirements
• The use of flexible cords and
cables
• Splices
• Strain relief
• Lighting fixtures, lamp holders,
lamps, and receptacles
1910.305(a)-(j) Wiring Methods, Components,
31
and equipment for General Use
Examples of wiring
methods
FAIL
PASS
1910.307(a)-(g) Hazardous (classified)
Locations
❖ Electric equipment and wiring in locations which are classified
32
depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids or
gases, or combustible dusts or fibers which may be present therein
and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or
quantity is present.
❖ Equipment, wiring methods, and installations of equipment in these
locations shall be approved as intrinsically safe or approved for the
hazardous location.
❖ Equipment shall be marked to show the class, group, and operating
temperature or temperature range, based on operation in a 40degree C ambient, for which it is approved. (Example: Slide 20)
1910.307(a)-(g) Hazardous (classified)
Locations
Location Type Group
A: Acetylene
Class I
B: Hydrogen, Butadiene,
Flammable Gas,
Vapors, and
Liquids
Class II
Combustible Dusts
Class III
Ignitable Fibers
and Flyings
etc.
C: Ethylene, Ethyl Ether,
etc.
D: Propane, Acetone,
Ammonia, etc.
E: Metal dusts
F: Carbon dusts
G: Other dusts-flour,
grain, wood, plastic,
chemicals
N/A
Types of material: rayon,
cotton, hemp, jute,
Spanish moss, etc.
Zone or Division
Zone
Division 1
0, 1, or 2
Class I only
Specific situations
relating to
flammable gas,
vapors, and liquids
Ignitable
concentration of
hazards exist under
normal operating
conditions
Or
Hazard is caused
by frequent
maintenance,
repair work, or
equipment failure
33
Division 2
Ignitable
concentration of
hazards are
handled, process,
or used but are
normally enclosed
in containers or
systems which
escape only by
accident or
breakdown of
container or system
1910.307(a)-(g) Hazardous (classified)
Locations
34
Image courtesy of
industries.ul.com
1910.307(a)-(g) Hazardous (classified)
[
[
Temperatu
re
Class
Grou [
p
Temperatur
e Class
Explosion
Protectio [
n[
Protection Type
[
[
[
Materi Likelihood of Material
al
Properti
Presence
Type
es
[
Area of
Classificati
on
Area of
Classificati
on
[
[
Locations
35
Equipment Protection
Level
Image courtesy of
industries.ul.com
1910.307(a)-(j) Hazardous (classified)
36
Locations
Wiring components and utilization equipment in hazardous
locations should be maintained in a dust-tight, dust-ignitionproof, or explosion proof condition.
1910.331(a)-(c) Scope
Qualified person
37
Unqualified person
Covered Not Covered
Definition
work
work
One who has received training in and has
demonstrated skills and knowledge in the
construction and operation of electric
equipment and installations and the hazards
involved.
Those with little or
no such training
Premises wiring
Wiring for connection to supply
Other wiring
Optical fiber cable
None
Installations of Generation and Transmission,
Distribution installations
Communications installations
Installations in vehicles
Railway installations
N/A
1910.304(b) Wiring Design &
Protection
When the amount going differs from the amount
returning by approximately 5 milliamps, the GFCI
interrupts the current.
38
1910.332(a)-(c) Training
39
Training is required for both qualified workers and unqualified
workers.
Both workers shall be trained on safety related work practices
required by 1910.331-335.
Qualified workers shall also be
trained in :
• Skills and techniques to distinguish
exposed live parts
• Skills and techniques to determine
nominal voltage of exposed live
parts
• Clearance distances specified
and corresponding voltages
Unqualified workers shall
also be trained in any
related safety practices
not addressed
1910.333(b)(2) Selection and use of work
40
practices
Lockout/Tagout
Locks are used to render de-energized
equipment inoperative and used along
with tags which communicate
important information at all points
where the equipment/circuits can be
reenergized.
1910.333(b)(2) Selection and use of work
41
practices
Examples of Lockout/Tagout Work Practice
1910.333(b)(2)(i)
Selection and use of work practices
❖ Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
❖ Written copies shall be kept for lockout/tagout and shall be
available for inspection by employees and by the OSHA
inspectors.
❖ More details on LOTO in 29 CFR 1910.147
42
What’s the violation?
43
44
What’s
the
Violation
?
1910.333(b)(2)(i)
Selection and use of work practices
1
Dangers of
Arc Flash
2
1910.334(a)-(d) Use of Equipment
Cord and plug equipment and
extension cords should:
• Be handled as to not cause damage
(i.e. unplugging by yanking cord)
• Be Inspected before each shift for
damage
• Not have grounding prong removed
• Be approved for use in highly
conductive locations (i.e. wet)
• Not be plugged or unplugged with
wet hands if energized
3
1910.335(a) Safeguards for Personnel Protection
❖ Employees shall be provided with and shall use electrical
protective equipment appropriate to the work performed.
❖ PPE shall be maintained and periodically inspected or tested
❖ Workers shall use the following when required:
•
•
•
•
•
Non conductive head protection
Eye and face protection
Insulated tools
Non conductive ropes and handlines
Protective shields, barriers, insulating materials
4
1910.335(a) Safeguards for Personnel Protection
Example of proper PPE use
5
1910.335(b) Safeguards for Personnel Protection
Alerting techniques shall be used to
warn and protect employees from
hazards that could cause shock, burns,
or failure of electric equipment parts:
• Safety signs and tags to warn of
hazards
• Barricades to limit access
• Attendants to warn and limit access
6
1910.301 – .399
Number of Serious violations – FY 2017
General – Proper Installation & Use of Equipment
29 CFR 1910.
303(b)(2)
409
Wiring Methods – Flexible Cords Used as Fixed Wiring
305(g)(1)(iv)(A)
278
Wiring Methods – Flexible Cords Strain Relief
305(g)(2)(iii)
252
Wiring Methods – Grounding Permanent & Effective
305(b)(1)(ii)
198
Wiring Methods – Pull & Junction Box Covers
305(b)(2)(i)
198
7
OSHA VIOLATIONS
8
9
What’s the
Violation?
10
What’s the
Violation?
11
What’s the
Violation?
12
What is the Violation?
13
What is the
violation?
14
What is the
violation?
15
What are we looking at? Any violations? What
are the Dangers?
16
17
First Sign of a
Problem
18
Electrical
HazardsMeter Box
Questions?
19
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